Biologics have transformed medicine. Monoclonal antibodies, cytokines, vaccines, enzymes, and nanoparticles are no longer niche—they dominate the global pharmaceutical pipeline and generate revenues in the hundreds of billions. Yet one microscopic adversary continues to sabotage this progress: endotoxins. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), shed from Gram-negative bacteria, is the hidden saboteur of biologics manufacturing. At picogram levels, it […]